A Civilisation That Refused to Finish

Most civilisations are remembered for the answers they settled.
India is remembered for the questions it refused to close.
A Civilisation That Refused to Finish explores a distinctive pattern in Indian intellectual life: a sustained hesitation before final answers. Rather than treating closure as achievement, Indian civilisation approached certainty with restraint�allowing knowledge to remain provisional, authority revisable, and traditions open to reinterpretation.
Moving across philosophy, time, power, and cultural survival, the book traces how this refusal shaped an unusually durable civilisation�one that survived by continuing rather than concluding. Ideas were rarely discarded, endings functioned as pauses, and meaning accumulated through repetition rather than resolution.
But unfinishedness carries a cost. Systems that endure without closure can delay judgment, distribute responsibility unevenly, and allow injustice to persist without decisive reckoning. This book confronts both the strength and the strain of living without final answers.
Written in a reflective, essayistic voice, A Civilisation That Refused to Finish does not offer prescriptions or civilisational pride. Instead, it invites readers to reconsider what certainty does, why closure feels humane, and what it means to remain in conversation with a world that resists being resolved.